Author: Kinza, Asad-ur-Rehman, Asad-ur-Rehman, Muhammad Usman Ahmad, Muhammad Nauman Aftab, Sikander Ali, Sibtain Ahmed, Ghazala Zainab, Khaled Fahmi Fawy & Muhammad Arshad
Citation: Kinza, et al. "Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Lysinibacillus macroides and Applications as Nano-Biofertilizers for Enhanced Rice Yield." BioNanoScience 16.2 (2026): 121.
Abstract:
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12668-025-02336-0
The development of eco-friendly nano-biofertilizers offers a promising strategy for enhancing crop productivity while minimizing environmental impact. The present research aimed to synthesize novel green ZnO nanoparticles from L. macroides bacteria and to examine their nano-biofertilizer properties on rice crop growth and yield. The green synthesis process involved the microbial reduction of zinc salts, as characterized through UV-Vis spectroscopy (absorption peak at 370 nm), X-ray diffraction (hexagonal wurtzite structure), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (functional groups indicating protein-mediated stabilization), and scanning electron microscopy (agglomerated morphology with an average size of ~ 13.07 nm). Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis confirmed a high-purity elemental composition of zinc (Zn) and oxygen (O).
Field trials were conducted with foliar application of ZnO NPs at concentrations of 60 ppm and 80 ppm. The 80-ppm treatment significantly outperformed all other groups in key agronomic parameters: root length (14 ± 0.1 cm), shoot length (87 ± 0.5 cm), root and shoot fresh weights (3.0 ± 0.05 g and 17.0 ± 0.5 g), number of tillers (17 ± 0.5), panicles (26 ± 0.5), and seeds per panicle (234 ± 0.5). The highest yield (850 ± 1 g/plot) was observed in the 80-ppm treatment, with the lowest zinc leaching (1.8 ± 0.1 mg/kg) and optimal soil pH (6.3 ± 0.05). These findings demonstrate the dual role of ZnO NPs as a micronutrient source and bio-stimulant, offering a sustainable alternative to chemical fertilizers in rice production. Future research should focus on crop-specific optimization, long-term ecological impact, and economic feasibility.
Author: Kinza, Asad-ur-Rehman, Asad-ur-Rehman, Muhammad Usman Ahmad, Muhammad Nauman Aftab, Sikander Ali, Sibtain Ahmed, Ghazala Zainab, Khaled Fahmi Fawy & Muhammad Arshad
Citation: Kinza, et al. "Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Lysinibacillus macroides and Applications as Nano-Biofertilizers for Enhanced Rice Yield." BioNanoScience 16.2 (2026): 121.
Abstract:
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12668-025-02336-0
The development of eco-friendly nano-biofertilizers offers a promising strategy for enhancing crop productivity while minimizing environmental impact. The present research aimed to synthesize novel green ZnO nanoparticles from L. macroides bacteria and to examine their nano-biofertilizer properties on rice crop growth and yield. The green synthesis process involved the microbial reduction of zinc salts, as characterized through UV-Vis spectroscopy (absorption peak at 370 nm), X-ray diffraction (hexagonal wurtzite structure), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (functional groups indicating protein-mediated stabilization), and scanning electron microscopy (agglomerated morphology with an average size of ~ 13.07 nm). Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis confirmed a high-purity elemental composition of zinc (Zn) and oxygen (O).
Field trials were conducted with foliar application of ZnO NPs at concentrations of 60 ppm and 80 ppm. The 80-ppm treatment significantly outperformed all other groups in key agronomic parameters: root length (14 ± 0.1 cm), shoot length (87 ± 0.5 cm), root and shoot fresh weights (3.0 ± 0.05 g and 17.0 ± 0.5 g), number of tillers (17 ± 0.5), panicles (26 ± 0.5), and seeds per panicle (234 ± 0.5). The highest yield (850 ± 1 g/plot) was observed in the 80-ppm treatment, with the lowest zinc leaching (1.8 ± 0.1 mg/kg) and optimal soil pH (6.3 ± 0.05). These findings demonstrate the dual role of ZnO NPs as a micronutrient source and bio-stimulant, offering a sustainable alternative to chemical fertilizers in rice production. Future research should focus on crop-specific optimization, long-term ecological impact, and economic feasibility.