Author: Hawar Sleman Halshoy, Ayub Karim Mahmood, Shahen Kamil Talabani, Shwana Ahmed Braim & Jawameer R. Hama
Citation: Halshoy, Hawar Sleman, et al. "Nitrogen-fixing biofertilizers and organic liquid fertilizers enhance growth, yield, and biochemical traits in lettuce." Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 72.1 (2026): 1-15.
Abstract:
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03650340.2026.2680749
The reliance on chemical fertilizers and poor soil management practices decreases soil fertility and harms the environment. Sustainable options like biofertilizers and organic liquid fertilizers are therefore crucial for eco-friendly crop production. This study examined the effects of Azotobacter vinelandii (Av) and an organic liquid fertilizer (OLF) on lettuce growth, yield, and nutritional quality. Treatments included Av alone, OLF alone, and combinations at different rates (Av: 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5 mL plant−1; OLF: 15 and 30 L ha−1), along with untreated control. Applying 1.5 mL plant−1 of Av with 15 L ha−1 of OLF significantly increased the nitrogen content and the number of folded leaves and significantly increased plant yield (36%) and biomass (37%) compared to the control. The most effective treatment was 2.5 mL plant−1 of Av combined with 30 L ha−1 of OLF, based on root length, root dry matter, chlorophyll in inner leaves, TSS, total phenolic content (TPC), total antioxidant activity (TAA), and potassium levels. Conversely, control plants had the highest number of unfolded leaves and performed less well. These findings suggest that integrating biofertilizers and organic liquid fertilizers may contribute to more sustainable lettuce production systems.
Author: Hawar Sleman Halshoy, Ayub Karim Mahmood, Shahen Kamil Talabani, Shwana Ahmed Braim & Jawameer R. Hama
Citation: Halshoy, Hawar Sleman, et al. "Nitrogen-fixing biofertilizers and organic liquid fertilizers enhance growth, yield, and biochemical traits in lettuce." Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 72.1 (2026): 1-15.
Abstract:
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03650340.2026.2680749
The reliance on chemical fertilizers and poor soil management practices decreases soil fertility and harms the environment. Sustainable options like biofertilizers and organic liquid fertilizers are therefore crucial for eco-friendly crop production. This study examined the effects of Azotobacter vinelandii (Av) and an organic liquid fertilizer (OLF) on lettuce growth, yield, and nutritional quality. Treatments included Av alone, OLF alone, and combinations at different rates (Av: 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5 mL plant−1; OLF: 15 and 30 L ha−1), along with untreated control. Applying 1.5 mL plant−1 of Av with 15 L ha−1 of OLF significantly increased the nitrogen content and the number of folded leaves and significantly increased plant yield (36%) and biomass (37%) compared to the control. The most effective treatment was 2.5 mL plant−1 of Av combined with 30 L ha−1 of OLF, based on root length, root dry matter, chlorophyll in inner leaves, TSS, total phenolic content (TPC), total antioxidant activity (TAA), and potassium levels. Conversely, control plants had the highest number of unfolded leaves and performed less well. These findings suggest that integrating biofertilizers and organic liquid fertilizers may contribute to more sustainable lettuce production systems.